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CAMS Chapter 2
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Question 1 of 30
1. Question
In 1989, what did the Group of Seven nations launched at an annual economic summit in Paris?
I. World Trade Services (WTS).
II. Anti-poverty Corporation (APC).
III. Universal Money Laundering Scheme (UMLS).
IV. International Monetary Fund (IMF).
V. The Financial Action Task Force (FATF).
Correct
The pace of international activity in the anti-money laundering (AML) field accelerated in 1989 when the Group of Seven nations launched the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) at its annual economic summit in Paris. With France serving as its first chair, this multinational group started working toward a coordinated effort against international money laundering.
Incorrect
The pace of international activity in the anti-money laundering (AML) field accelerated in 1989 when the Group of Seven nations launched the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) at its annual economic summit in Paris. With France serving as its first chair, this multinational group started working toward a coordinated effort against international money laundering.
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Question 2 of 30
2. Question
The intergovernmental body is based at the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in Paris, where it has its own:
I. General assembly
II. Secretariat
III. Parliament
IV. Embassy
V. Diplomats
Correct
The intergovernmental body is based at the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in Paris, where it has its secretariat.
Incorrect
The intergovernmental body is based at the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in Paris, where it has its secretariat.
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Question 3 of 30
3. Question
Select all that applies:
What are the stated objectives of FATF:
I. Set standards for combatting money laundering.
II. To promote effective implementation of legal, regulatory and operational measures for combatting money laundering.
III. To promote democracy & diplomacy.
IV. To set standards for terrorist financing and other related threats to the integrity of the international financial system.
V. To develop multilateral relations with other countries.
Correct
Incorrect
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Question 4 of 30
4. Question
Select all that applies:
Identify the important focal tasks of FATF:
I. Developing new strategies for combatting drug trafficking
II. Implementing New World Order globally
III. Monitoring implementation of the FATF Recommendations among its members
IV. Spreading the AML message worldwide
V. Spreading the IBN message worldwide
Correct
FATF fulfills these objectives by focusing on several important tasks including:
- Spreading the AML message worldwide: The group promotes the establishment of a global AML and anti-terrorist financing network based on the expansion of its membership, the development of regional AML bodies in various parts of the world, and cooperation with other international organizations.
- Monitoring implementation of the FATF Recommendations among its members. In 2011, FATF concluded its third round of mutual evaluations of all its members. The process began in 2004. For its fourth round of mutual evaluations, which started in 2014, it adopted a new approach for assessing technical compliance with Recommendations and assessing a member’s AML/CFT system is effective.
Incorrect
FATF fulfills these objectives by focusing on several important tasks including:
- Spreading the AML message worldwide: The group promotes the establishment of a global AML and anti-terrorist financing network based on the expansion of its membership, the development of regional AML bodies in various parts of the world, and cooperation with other international organizations.
- Monitoring implementation of the FATF Recommendations among its members. In 2011, FATF concluded its third round of mutual evaluations of all its members. The process began in 2004. For its fourth round of mutual evaluations, which started in 2014, it adopted a new approach for assessing technical compliance with Recommendations and assessing a member’s AML/CFT system is effective.
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Question 5 of 30
5. Question
For the 2013 Methodology, FATF defines effectiveness as:
I. The extent to which nothing is achievable.
II. The extent to which the defined outcomes are achieved.
III. The extent to which the defined outcomes are not achieved.
IV. The extent to which anything has a positive impact on money launderers.
V. The extent to which anything harms terrorist financing.
Correct
For the 2013 Methodology, FATF defines effectiveness as “the extent to which the defined outcomes are achieved.”
Incorrect
For the 2013 Methodology, FATF defines effectiveness as “the extent to which the defined outcomes are achieved.”
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Question 6 of 30
6. Question
Select all that applies:
Identify the basic immediate outcomes on which Effectiveness is evaluated:
I. Legal persons are misused for ML/TF and beneficial ownership information is available to the public.
II. Financial institutions do not apply preventative measures and don’t report suspicious transactions.
III. Financial intelligence information is used by authorities in money laundering.
IV. Proceeds of crime are confiscated.
V. Terrorist financing offenses are investigated, criminally prosecuted, and sanctions imposed.
Correct
Effectiveness is evaluated based on 11 Immediate Outcomes:
1. Money laundering/ terrorist financing (ML/TF) risks are known and actions coordinated to combat or thwart the proliferation of ML/TF.
2. International cooperation provides actionable information to use against criminals.
3. Supervisors regulate financial institutions and non-bank financial institutions (NBFIs) and their risk-based AML/CFT programs.
4. Financial institutions and NBFIs apply preventative measures and report suspicious transactions.
5. Legal persons are not misused for ML/TF and beneficial ownership information is available to authorities.
6. Financial intelligence information is used by authorities in money laundering and terrorist financing investigations.
7. Money laundering offenses are investigated, criminally prosecuted, and sanctions imposed.
8. Proceeds of crime are confiscated.
9. Terrorist financing offenses are investigated, criminally prosecuted, and sanctions imposed.
10. Terrorists and terrorist organizations are prevented from raising, moving, and using money, and not permitted to abuse any non-profit organizations (NPOs).
11. Persons and organizations involved in the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction are prevented from raising, moving, and using Money.
Incorrect
Effectiveness is evaluated based on 11 Immediate Outcomes:
1. Money laundering/ terrorist financing (ML/TF) risks are known and actions coordinated to combat or thwart the proliferation of ML/TF.
2. International cooperation provides actionable information to use against criminals.
3. Supervisors regulate financial institutions and non-bank financial institutions (NBFIs) and their risk-based AML/CFT programs.
4. Financial institutions and NBFIs apply preventative measures and report suspicious transactions.
5. Legal persons are not misused for ML/TF and beneficial ownership information is available to authorities.
6. Financial intelligence information is used by authorities in money laundering and terrorist financing investigations.
7. Money laundering offenses are investigated, criminally prosecuted, and sanctions imposed.
8. Proceeds of crime are confiscated.
9. Terrorist financing offenses are investigated, criminally prosecuted, and sanctions imposed.
10. Terrorists and terrorist organizations are prevented from raising, moving, and using money, and not permitted to abuse any non-profit organizations (NPOs).
11. Persons and organizations involved in the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction are prevented from raising, moving, and using Money.
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Question 7 of 30
7. Question
Since its creation in 1989, FATF has been working under:
I. Four-year mandates
II. Five-year mandates
III. Six-year mandates
IV. Seven-year mandates
V. Eight-year mandates
Correct
Since its creation in 1989, FATF has been working under five-year mandates.
Incorrect
Since its creation in 1989, FATF has been working under five-year mandates.
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Question 8 of 30
8. Question
On what activities FATF has focused its work on:
I. Standard-setting.
II. Ensuring no compliance with the standards.
III. Ensuring effective compliance with the standards.
IV. Identifying money laundering and terrorist financing threats.
V. Identifying drug trafficking threats.
Correct
FATF has focused its work on three main activities:
(1) standard-setting
(2) ensuring effective compliance with the standards
(3) and identifying money laundering and terrorist financing threats
Incorrect
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Question 9 of 30
9. Question
Select all that applies:
FATF’s 40 Recommendations provide a complete set of countermeasures against money laundering and terrorist financing, covering:
I. The identification of drug trafficking
II. The identification of risks and development of appropriate policies
III. The criminal justice system and law enforcement
IV. The financial system and it’s regulation
V. The anti-terrorist financing system
Correct
The 40 Recommendations provide a complete set of countermeasures against money laundering and terrorist financing, covering:
• The identification of risks and development of appropriate policies.
• The criminal justice system and law enforcement
• The financial system and it’s regulation
• The transparency of legal persons and arrangements
• International cooperation.
Incorrect
The 40 Recommendations provide a complete set of countermeasures against money laundering and terrorist financing, covering:
• The identification of risks and development of appropriate policies.
• The criminal justice system and law enforcement
• The financial system and it’s regulation
• The transparency of legal persons and arrangements
• International cooperation.
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Question 10 of 30
10. Question
Select TWO most important changes made to the FATF’s Recommendations in 2003:
I. Expanded coverage to include anti-terrorism financing activities.
II. Expanded coverage to include terrorist financing.
III. Restricted coverage to include terrorist financing.
IV. Adopted a clearer definition of money laundering predicate offenses.
V. Excluded the precise definition of money laundering predicate offenses.
Correct
The most important changes made to the Recommendations in 2003 were as follows:
• Expanded coverage to include terrorist financing.
• Widened the categories of business that should be covered by national laws, including real estate agents, precious metals dealers, accountants, lawyers, and trust services providers.
• Specified compliance procedures on issues such as customer identification and due diligence, including enhanced identification measures for higher-risk customers and transactions.
• Adopted a clearer definition of money laundering predicate offenses.
Incorrect
The most important changes made to the Recommendations in 2003 were as follows:
• Expanded coverage to include terrorist financing.
• Widened the categories of business that should be covered by national laws, including real estate agents, precious metals dealers, accountants, lawyers, and trust services providers.
• Specified compliance procedures on issues such as customer identification and due diligence, including enhanced identification measures for higher-risk customers and transactions.
• Adopted a clearer definition of money laundering predicate offenses.
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Question 11 of 30
11. Question
Which statement holds for Risk-based Approach according to the 2012 revision of the 40 Recommendations by FATF:
I. Financial institutions should use the risk-based approach to identify and mitigate the risks they face.
II. Financial institutions should not use the risk-based approach to identify and mitigate the risks they face.
III. Financial institutions should not use the risk-based approach to identify terrorist financing.
IV. The risk-based approach does not allow countries to allocate their limited resources in a targeted manner.
V. Financial institutions should use the risk-based approach to identify drug traffickers.
Correct
The risk-based approach allows countries to allocate their limited resources in a targeted manner in line with their particular circumstances to increase the efficiency of preventative measures. Financial institutions should also use the risk-based approach to identify and mitigate the risks they face.
Incorrect
The risk-based approach allows countries to allocate their limited resources in a targeted manner in line with their particular circumstances to increase the efficiency of preventative measures. Financial institutions should also use the risk-based approach to identify and mitigate the risks they face.
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Question 12 of 30
12. Question
What do CDD measures stand for?
I.Cash Due Designation.
II. Client Due Diligence.
III. Customer Due Diligence.
IV. Cash Dual Diligence.
V. Customer Delight Desk.
Correct
CDD measures=Customer Due Diligence measures.
Incorrect
CDD measures=Customer Due Diligence measures.
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Question 13 of 30
13. Question
Select all that applies:
Financial institutions should conduct CDD measures when they:
I. Establish business relations
II. Carry out an occasional transaction or a wire transfer above the specified threshold
III. There is no suspicion of money laundering
IV. Have a suspicion of drug trafficking
V. Have a suspicion of money laundering or terrorist financing
Correct
Customer Due Diligence (CDD) measures: Financial institutions should conduct customer due diligence when they:
— Establish business relations.
— Carry out an occasional transaction or a wire transfer above the specified threshold.
— Have a suspicion of money laundering or terrorist financing.
— Have doubts about the veracity or adequacy of previously obtained customer identification information.
Incorrect
Customer Due Diligence (CDD) measures: Financial institutions should conduct customer due diligence when they:
— Establish business relations.
— Carry out an occasional transaction or a wire transfer above the specified threshold.
— Have a suspicion of money laundering or terrorist financing.
— Have doubts about the veracity or adequacy of previously obtained customer identification information.
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Question 14 of 30
14. Question
MVTS is an abbreviation for:
I. Money or Visit Transaction Services
II. Money or Value Transfer Services
III. Method of Value Transfer Services
IV. Means of Vast Transfer Services
V. Means of Value Transfer Services
Correct
MVTS=Money or Value Transfer Services.
Incorrect
MVTS=Money or Value Transfer Services.
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Question 15 of 30
15. Question
Select all that applies:
Countries and financial institutions should assess the risks associated with which of the following statements :
I. Development of new products.
II. Business practices.
III. Delivery mechanisms and technology.
IV. Fraudulent practices.
V. Money laundering mechanisms.
Correct
Countries and financial institutions should assess the risks associated with the development of new products, business practices, delivery mechanisms, and technology.
Incorrect
Countries and financial institutions should assess the risks associated with the development of new products, business practices, delivery mechanisms, and technology.
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Question 16 of 30
16. Question
What shall Financial institutions monitor for incomplete information?
I. Personal data
II.Bank transcations
III. Wires
IV. Terrorist organization
V. Personal relationships
Correct
Financial institutions should monitor wires for incomplete information and take appropriate measures.
Incorrect
Financial institutions should monitor wires for incomplete information and take appropriate measures.
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Question 17 of 30
17. Question
Which statement holds for money laundering or terrorist financing?
I. Countries should take appropriate measures to prevent the misuse of personal relationships.
II. Countries should take appropriate measures to prevent the use of electronic means of transferring money.
III. Countries should take appropriate measures to prevent the misuse of legal persons for money laundering or terrorist financing.
IV. Countries should take appropriate measure to promote the financing of terrorist organizations.
V. Countries are not held responsible for money laundering or terrorist financing.
Correct
: Countries should take appropriate measures to prevent the misuse of legal persons for money laundering or terrorist financing, including ensuring information about the beneficial ownership and control of such legal persons is available to competent authorities, particularly about legal persons that can issue bearer shares or have nominee shareholders or directors.
Incorrect
: Countries should take appropriate measures to prevent the misuse of legal persons for money laundering or terrorist financing, including ensuring information about the beneficial ownership and control of such legal persons is available to competent authorities, particularly about legal persons that can issue bearer shares or have nominee shareholders or directors.
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Question 18 of 30
18. Question
Select the correct composition of FATF:
I. It comprises 35 member jurisdictions and 2 regional organizations.
II. It comprises 25 member jurisdictions and 12 regional organizations.
III. It comprises 32 member jurisdictions and 2 regional organizations.
IV. It comprises 25 member jurisdictions and 3 regional organizations.
V. It comprises 30 member jurisdictions and 12 regional organizations.
Correct
FATF currently comprises 35 member jurisdictions and 2 regional organizations (the Gulf Cooperation Council1 and the European Commission). There are also 31 associate members or observers of FATF (mostly international and regional organizations) that participate in its work.
Incorrect
FATF currently comprises 35 member jurisdictions and 2 regional organizations (the Gulf Cooperation Council1 and the European Commission). There are also 31 associate members or observers of FATF (mostly international and regional organizations) that participate in its work.
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Question 19 of 30
19. Question
Select all that applies:
Identify the member jurisdictions of FATF:
I.Afghanistan
II.Iran
III. Mexico
IV. Netherlands
V. Malaysia
Correct
The 35 member jurisdictions are: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong (China), Iceland, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, the Russian Federation, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
Incorrect
The 35 member jurisdictions are: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong (China), Iceland, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, the Russian Federation, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
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Question 20 of 30
20. Question
Which statement holds for acquiring membership from FATF?
I. To become a member of FATF, a jurisdiction must first be invited to participate in the general assembly.
II. To become a member of FATF, a jurisdiction must first be invited to participate in NATO fundings.
III. To become a member of FATF, a jurisdiction must first be associated with communist countries.
IV. To become a member of FATF, a jurisdiction must first be invited to participate as an observer.
V. To become a member of FATF, a jurisdiction must first be associated with IMF.
Correct
To become a member of FATF, a jurisdiction must first be invited to participate as an observer.
Incorrect
To become a member of FATF, a jurisdiction must first be invited to participate as an observer.
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Question 21 of 30
21. Question
Select all that applies
Identify quantitative indicators for FATF membership among them:
I. Size of gross domestic product (GDP).
II. Size of land.
III.Size of the banking sector.
IV. Size of insurance and securities sectors.
V. Death tolls.
Correct
Quantitative Indicators:
- Size of gross domestic product (GDP)
- Size of the banking, insurance and securities sectors
- Population
Incorrect
Quantitative Indicators:
- Size of gross domestic product (GDP)
- Size of the banking, insurance and securities sectors
- Population
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Question 22 of 30
22. Question
Select all that applies
Select all the qualitative indicators for FATF membership among them:
I. Active participation in a FATF-Style Regional Body (FSRB).
II. International prominence in United Nations.
III. Regional prominence in AML/CFT efforts.
IV. Level of AML/CFT risks faced and efforts to combat those risks.
V. Regional prominence in Global Warming conferences.
Correct
Qualitative Indicators
- Impact on the global financial system, including the degree of openness of the financial sector and its interaction with international markets.
- Active participation in a FATF-Style Regional Body (FSRB) and regional prominence in AML/CFT efforts.
- Level of AML/CFT risks faced and efforts to combat those risks.
Incorrect
Qualitative Indicators
- Impact on the global financial system, including the degree of openness of the financial sector and its interaction with international markets.
- Active participation in a FATF-Style Regional Body (FSRB) and regional prominence in AML/CFT efforts.
- Level of AML/CFT risks faced and efforts to combat those risks.
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Question 23 of 30
23. Question
Select all that applies
FATF has had a practice of “naming and shaming” countries that it determines to maintain:
I. Adequate money-laundering controls
II. Inadequate anti-money laundering controls
III. Not cooperating in the global AML/ CFT efforts
IV. Cooperating the global AML/CFT efforts
V. No cooperating the global UN efforts
Correct
FATF has had a practice of “naming and shaming” countries that it determines to maintain inadequate anti-money laundering controls or are not cooperating in the global AML/ CFT efforts.
Incorrect
FATF has had a practice of “naming and shaming” countries that it determines to maintain inadequate anti-money laundering controls or are not cooperating in the global AML/ CFT efforts.
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Question 24 of 30
24. Question
On February 14, 2000, FATF published an initial report on;
I. Cooperative countries of NATO.
II. A haven for Terrorist Financing countries.
III. A haven for Money-laundering countries.
IV.Cooperative Countries and Territories.
V. Non-Cooperative Countries and Territories.
Correct
On February 14, 2000, FATF published an initial report on Non-Cooperative Countries and Territories that set out the 25 criteria that help identify relevant detrimental rules and practices and that are consistent with the 40 Recommendations. It described a process whereby jurisdictions having such rules and practices can be identified and encouraged to implement international standards in this area.
Incorrect
On February 14, 2000, FATF published an initial report on Non-Cooperative Countries and Territories that set out the 25 criteria that help identify relevant detrimental rules and practices and that are consistent with the 40 Recommendations. It described a process whereby jurisdictions having such rules and practices can be identified and encouraged to implement international standards in this area.
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Question 25 of 30
25. Question
What does FATF’s Public Statement identifies?
I. Countries or jurisdictions with strategic deficiencies that are so serious that FATF calls on its members and non-members to apply counter-measures.
II. Countries or jurisdictions with strategic deficiencies that are not serious that FATF calls on its members and non-members to apply counter-measures.
III. Countries or jurisdictions with basic deficiencies like poverty shall adopt FATF rules & regulations.
IV. Countries or jurisdictions with partial deficiencies that are not serious that FATF calls on its members and non-members to apply counter-measures.
V. Countries or jurisdictions that are so perfect in their dealings that FATF calls on its members and non-members to apply counter-measures.
Correct
FATF’s Public Statement identifies:
• Countries or jurisdictions with strategic deficiencies that are so serious that FATF calls on its members and non-members to apply counter-measures.
• Countries or jurisdictions for which the FATF calls on its members to apply enhanced due diligence measures proportionate to the risks arising from the deficienceis associated with the country.
Incorrect
FATF’s Public Statement identifies:
• Countries or jurisdictions with strategic deficiencies that are so serious that FATF calls on its members and non-members to apply counter-measures.
• Countries or jurisdictions for which the FATF calls on its members to apply enhanced due diligence measures proportionate to the risks arising from the deficienceis associated with the country.
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Question 26 of 30
26. Question
Which statement holds for The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision?
I. It was established in 1974 by the central bank governors of the G-10 countries, promotes sound supervisory standards worldwide.
II. It was established in 1973 by the central bank governors of the G-10 countries, promotes bilateral cooperation worldwide.
III. It was established in 1969 by the World bank governors that promote sound supervisory standards worldwide.
IV. It was established in 1965 by the central bank governors to anti-terrorism scheme worldwide.
V. It was established in 1974 by the IMF governors that promote sound supervisory standards worldwide.
Correct
The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, established in 1974 by the central bank governors of the G-10 countries, promotes sound supervisory standards worldwide.
Incorrect
The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, established in 1974 by the central bank governors of the G-10 countries, promotes sound supervisory standards worldwide.
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Question 27 of 30
27. Question
The Basel Committee’s Secretariat is located at:
I. The Bank for Domestic Settlements in Basel, Switzerland.
II. The Bank for International Cooperation in Basel, Switzerland.
III. The Bank for International Settlements in Basel, Switzerland.
IV. The Bank for International Settlements in Hauge, Paris.
V. The Bank for International Dealings in Glasgow, UK.
Correct
The Committee’s Secretariat is located at the Bank for International Settlements in Basel, Switzerland, and is staffed mainly by professional supervisors on temporary assignment from member institutions.
Incorrect
The Committee’s Secretariat is located at the Bank for International Settlements in Basel, Switzerland, and is staffed mainly by professional supervisors on temporary assignment from member institutions.
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Question 28 of 30
28. Question
Select the statement that holds for Banking supervisors:
I. Banking supervisors are generally not responsible for the criminal prosecution of money laundering in their countries.
II. Banking supervisors are always responsible for the criminal prosecution of money laundering in their countries.
III. Banking supervisors are mostly bribed for criminal prosecution of money laundering in their countries.
IV. Banking supervisors are partially responsible for the criminal prosecution of money laundering in their countries.
V. Banking supervisors are much vulnerable to the criminal prosecution of money laundering in their countries.
Correct
Banking supervisors are generally not responsible for the criminal prosecution of money laundering in their countries. However, they have an important role in ensuring that banks have procedures in place, including strict AML policies, to avoid involvement with drug traders and other criminals, as well as in the general promotion of high ethical and professional standards in the financial sector.
Incorrect
Banking supervisors are generally not responsible for the criminal prosecution of money laundering in their countries. However, they have an important role in ensuring that banks have procedures in place, including strict AML policies, to avoid involvement with drug traders and other criminals, as well as in the general promotion of high ethical and professional standards in the financial sector.
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Question 29 of 30
29. Question
In 1988, the Basel Committee issued a Statement of Principles called;
I.Prevention of bribery in the banking sector
II.Prevention of Criminal Use of Bank accounts
III.Prevention of Criminal Use of the Banking System for Money Laundering
IV. Prevention of drug trafficking worldwide
V. Prevention of poverty & child abuse worldwide
Correct
In 1988, the Basel Committee issued a Statement of Principles called, “Prevention of Criminal Use of the Banking System for Money Laundering” in recognition of the vulnerability of the financial sector to misuse by criminals.
Incorrect
In 1988, the Basel Committee issued a Statement of Principles called, “Prevention of Criminal Use of the Banking System for Money Laundering” in recognition of the vulnerability of the financial sector to misuse by criminals.
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Question 30 of 30
30. Question
Banking supervisors must determine that:
I. Banks shall not have adequate policies, practice, and procedures in place.
II. Banks have adequate policies, practices, and procedures in place, including strict ‘know-your-customer’ rules.
III. Banks have adequate policies, practices, and procedures in place, including strict personal relationships information.
IV. Banks have adequate policies, practices, and procedures in place, including no strict rules.
V. Banking supervisors must determine that banks have all bank transaction details of their customers.
Correct
In 1997, the Basel Committee issued its, “Core Principles for Effective Banking Supervision,” a basic reference for authorities worldwide. It stated that “Banking supervisors must determine that banks have adequate policies, practices, and procedures in place, including strict ‘know-your-customer’ rules, that promote high ethical and professional standards in the financial sector and prevent the bank being used, intentionally or unintentionally, by criminal elements.
Incorrect
In 1997, the Basel Committee issued its, “Core Principles for Effective Banking Supervision,” a basic reference for authorities worldwide. It stated that “Banking supervisors must determine that banks have adequate policies, practices, and procedures in place, including strict ‘know-your-customer’ rules, that promote high ethical and professional standards in the financial sector and prevent the bank being used, intentionally or unintentionally, by criminal elements.